IDUKKI District was formed on 26 January 1972 as per Government
notification No 54131/C2/71/RD dated 24th January 1972. The district
consists of Devikulam, Udumbanchola and Peermedu taluks of the erstwhile
Kottayam district and Thodupuzha taluk (excluding two villages
Manjallore and Kalloorkadu) of the erstwhile Ernakulam district. At the
time of formation the district headquarters started functioning at
Kottayam and from there it was shifted to Painavu in Thodupuzha taluk in
June 1976, where it is proposed to build a new planned forest township.
The district's name, 'Idukki' is supposed to be
derived from the Malayalam word 'Idukku' which means a narrow gorge.
Periyar which is one of the largest rivers of Kerala, flowing through
Idukki gorge formed between the two high massive rocks called "Kuravan"
and "Kurathi", is the site of the gigantic Idukki arch dam.
We have very little authentic
knowledge which throws light into the ancient history of Idukki
district. Eventhough there is no clear evidence whether men of the
paleolithic age lived here, there is evidence of stone-age civilisation.
Stone-age dolmens were discovered in the valleys of Anchanad in
Devikulam taluk. Archaeological excavation conducted during 1947-48 at
Kallar Pattom colony in Udumbanchola taluk and at Vandiperiyar in
Peermedu taluk brought to light the remains of Old Stone-age Menhir and
Tombs.
Karikode
near Thodupuzha was the head quarters of Vadakkumkoor Raja. There is
remains of a fort at Karikkode. Near this fort there is a Devi temple
said to have constructed by the Vadakkumkoor Raja. There is also another
temple by name Annamala Temple constructed in Chola style. The church
at Muthalakodam, near Thodupuzha is believed to have constructed before
13th Century.
The Ninnar Mosque near Karikkode
is said to have constructed by the Vadakkumkoor Raja for his Muslim
soldiers. Thodupuzha was also a nerve business centre. There is
historical evidence to prove that from ancient time onwards ivory, teak,
rosewood, sandalwood, peacock etc., were exported to foreign countries.
Historians believe that Kuzhumoor, the capital
of Chera Kings of the Sangam Age, is the Kumily in Peermade taluk. It is
assumed that portions of Meenachil taluk and the whole of High Range
were included in the Thanthuzhynad under the Kulasekhara Empire
(A.D.800-1102). For some time these regions were under the region of the
Thekkumkoor Kingdom. It was proved that Vennimala, one of the capitals
of the Thekkumkoor Rajas, was in Idukki district. Poonjar Kingdom was
established by Manavikrama Kulasekhara Perumal. Manavikraman brought
Meenachil taluk and the High Range under his rule from the Thekkumkoor
Raja. Thus major portions of Idukki district came under the rule of the
Poonjar Raja.